Counter Hack Reloaded: A Step-by-Step Guide to Computer Attacks and Effective Defenses, 2nd Edition
Author: Edward Skoudis
The Next Generation Hacker Book
The step-by-step guide to defending against hacker intrusions!
- Defend against today's most powerful hacker attacks!
- Hands-on, step-by-step techniques for UNIX/Linux and Windows environments
- Intrusion detection: New evasion techniques—and countermeasures
- By the security expert who demonstrated hacking to the U.S. Senate!
This easy-to-use, step-by-step guide will empower network and system administrators to defend their information and computing assets—whether or not they have security experience. In Counter Hack, leading network security expert Edward Skoudis presents comprehensive, insider's explanations of today's most destructive hacker tools and tactics-and specific, proven countermeasures for both UNIX and Windows environments. Skoudis covers all this and more:
- Know your adversary: from script kiddies to elite attackers
- A hacker's view of networks, TCP/IP protocols, and their vulnerabilities
- Five phases of hacking: reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, and preventing detection
- The most dangerous and widespread attack scenarios—explained in depth
- Key hacker tools: port scanners, firewall scanners, sniffers, session hijackers, RootKits, and more
- How hackers build elegant attacks from simple building blocks
- Detecting and preventing IP spoofing, covert channels, denial of service attacks, and other key attacks
- How hackers cover their tracks—and how you can uncover their handiwork
- A preview ocountermeasures
Whatever your role in protecting network infrastructure and data, Counter Hack delivers proven solutions you can implement right now—and long-term strategies that will improve security for years to come.
Booknews
Infrastructure network consultant Skoudis provides a step-by-step guide that will help network and system administrators defend their information and computing assets, whether or not they have had security experience. The 13 chapters discuss a hacker's view of networks, TCP/IP protocols, and their vulnerabilities; five phases of hacking (reconnaissance, scanning, gaining and maintaining access, and preventing detection); the most dangerous and widespread attack scenarios; key hacker tools and how they work to build elegant attacks from simple building blocks; detecting and preventing IP spoofing, covert channels, denial of service, and other key attacks; how to uncover the handiwork of hackers; and a preview of tomorrow's hacker tools, attacks, and countermeasures. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)
Soundview Executive Book Summaries
Skoudis, a leading network security expert, has compiled his wealth of knowledge on protecting information and computing assets into a 564-page masterwork. Sharing his insider's view on the destructive tools and tactics used by hackers, Skoudis offers an encyclopedia of hacker tools, attack detecting techniques and preventive measures to protect the vulnerabilities of today and tomorrow. Copyright (c) 2002 Soundview Executive Book Summaries
Table of Contents:
Foreword xxi
Preface Reloaded xxiii
About the Authors xxxi
Chapter 1: Introduction 1The Computer World and the Golden Age of Hacking 2
Why This Book? 4
The Threat: Never Underestimate Your Adversary 7
A Note on Terminology and Iconography 12
Caveat: These Tools Could Hurt You 15
Organization of Rest of the Book 19
Summary 23
Chapter 2: Networking Overview: Pretty Much Everything You Need to Know About Networking to Follow the Rest of This Book 25The OSI Reference Model and Protocol Layering 26
How Does TCP/IP Fit In? 28
Understanding TCP/IP 32
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) 33
User Datagram Protocol (UDP) 41
Internet Protocol (IP) and Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) 44
ICMP 51
Other Network-Level Issues 53
Don’t Forget About the Data Link and Physical Layers! 66
Security Solutions for the Internet 75
Conclusion 86
Summary 87
Chapter 3: Linux and UNIX Overview: Pretty Much Everything You Need to Know About Linux and UNIX to Follow the Rest of This Book 91Introduction 91
Architecture 95
Accounts and Groups 107
Linux and UNIX Permissions 110
Linux and UNIX Trust Relationships 115
Common Linux and UNIX Network Services 119
Conclusion 124
Summary 124
Chapter 4: Windows NT/2000/XP/2003 Overview: Pretty Much Everything You Need to Know About Windows to Follow the Rest of This Book 127Introduction 127
A Brief History of Time 128
The Underlying Windows Operating System Architecture 133
How Windows Password Representations Are Derived 137
Kernel Mode 139
From Service Packs and Hotfixes to Windows Update and Beyond 141
Accounts and Groups 142
Privilege Control 147
Policies 149
Trust 152
Auditing 154
Object Access Control and Permissions 156
Network Security 160
Windows 2000 and Beyond: Welcome to the New Millennium 162
Conclusion 177
Summary 177
Chapter 5: Phase 1: Reconnaissance 183Low-Technology Reconnaissance: Social Engineering, Caller ID Spoofing, Physical Break-In, and Dumpster Diving 184
Search the Fine Web (STFW) 195
Whois Databases: Treasure Chests of Information 212
The Domain Name System 220
General-Purpose Reconnaissance Tools 230
Conclusion 235
Summary 235
Chapter 6: Phase 2: Scanning 239War Driving: Finding Wireless Access Points 240
War Dialing: Looking for Modems in All the Right Places 252
Network Mapping 261
Determining Open Ports Using Port Scanners 268
Vulnerability-Scanning Tools 307
Intrusion Detection System and Intrusion Prevention System Evasion 319
Conclusion 335
Summary 335
Chapter 7: Phase 3: Gaining Access Using Application and Operating System Attacks 339Script Kiddie Exploit Trolling 339
Pragmatism for More Sophisticated Attackers 340
Buffer Overflow Exploits 342
Password Attacks 377
Web Application Attacks 406
Exploiting Browser Flaws 431
Conclusion 435
Summary 435
Chapter 8: Phase 3: Gaining Access Using Network Attacks 439Sniffing 439
IP Address Spoofing 470
Session Hijacking 482
Netcat: A General-Purpose Network Tool 491
Conclusion 510
Summary 510
Chapter 9: Phase 3: Denial-of-Service Attacks 513Locally Stopping Services 515
Locally Exhausting Resources 517
Remotely Stopping Services 518
Remotely Exhausting Resources 523
Conclusion 543
Summary 544
Chapter 10: Phase 4: Maintaining Access: Trojans, Backdoors, and Rootkits ... Oh My! 547Trojan Horses 547
Backdoors 548
The Devious Duo: Backdoors Melded into Trojan Horses 553
Nasty: Application-Level Trojan Horse Backdoor Tools 555
Also Nasty: The Rise of the Bots 568
Additional Nastiness: Spyware Everywhere! 578
Defenses Against Application-Level Trojan Horse Backdoors, Bots, and Spyware 581
Even Nastier: User-Mode Rootkits 587
Defending Against User-Mode Rootkits 604
Nastiest: Kernel-Mode Rootkits 608
Defending Against Kernel-Mode Rootkits 616
Conclusion 623
Summary 623
Chapter 11: Phase 5: Covering Tracks and Hiding 627Hiding Evidence by Altering Event Logs 628
Defenses Against Log and Accounting File Attacks 637
Creating Difficult-to-Find Files and Directories 641
Hiding Evidence on the Network: Covert Channels 647
Defenses Against Covert Channels 665
Conclusion 668
Summary 668
Chapter 12: Putting It All Together: Anatomy of an Attack 671Scenario 1: Crouching Wi-Fi, Hidden Dragon 673
Scenario 2: Death of a Telecommuter 685
Scenario 3: The Manchurian Contractor 696
Conclusion 708
Summary 709
Chapter 13: The Future, References, and Conclusions 711Where Are We Heading? 711
Keeping Up to Speed 715
Final Thoughts ... Live Long and Prosper 721
Summary 722
Index 723
Forewords & Introductions
Preface
My cell phone rang. I squinted through my sleepy eyelids at the clock. Ugh! 4 a.m., New Year's Day. Needless to say, I hadn't gotten very much sleep that night.
I picked up the phone to hear the frantic voice of my buddy, Fred, on the line. Fred was a security administrator for a medium-sized Internet Service Provider, and he frequently called me with questions about a variety of security issues.
"We've been hacked big time!" Fred shouted, far too loudly for this time of the morning.
I rubbed my eyes to try to gain a little coherence.
"How do you know they got in? What did they do?" I asked.
Fred replied, "They tampered with a bunch of Web pages. This is bad, Ed. My boss is gonna have a fit!"
I asked, "How did they get in? Have you checked out the logs?"
Fred stuttered, "W-Well, we don't do much logging, because it slows down performance. I only snag logs from a couple of machines. Also, on those systems where we do gather logs, the attackers cleared the log files."
"Have you applied the latest security fixes from your operating system vendor to your machines?" I asked, trying to learn a little more about Fred's security posture.
Fred responded with hesitation, "We apply security patches every three months. The last time we deployed fixes was?um?two-and-a-half months ago."
I scratched my aching head and said, "Two major buffer overflow attacks were released last week. You may have been hit. Have they installed any RootKits? Have you checked the consistency of critical files on the system?"
"You know, I was planning to install something like Tripwire, but just never got around to it," Fredadmitted.
I quietly sighed and said, "OK. Just remain calm. I'll be right over so we can start to analyze your machines."
You clearly don't want to end up in a situation like Fred, and I want to minimize the number of calls I get at 4 a.m. on New Year's Day. While I've changed Fred's name to protect the innocent, this situation actually occurred. Fred's organization had failed to implement some fundamental security controls, and it had to pay the price when an attacker came knocking. In my experience, many organizations find themselves in the same state of information security unpreparedness.
But the situation goes beyond these security basics. Even if you've implemented all of the controls discussed in my Fred narrative above, there are a variety of other tips and tricks you can use to defend your systems. Sure, you may apply security patches, use a file integrity checking tool, and have adequate logging, but have you recently looked for unsecured modems? Or, how about activating port-level security on the switches in your critical network segments to prevent powerful, new active sniffing attacks? Have you considered implementing non-executable stacks to prevent one of the most common types of attacks today, the stack-based buffer overflow? Are you ready for kernel-level RootKits? If you want to learn more about these topics and more, please read on.
As we will see throughout the book, computer attacks happen each and every day, with increasing virulence. To create a good defense, you must understand the offensive techniques of your adversaries. In my career as a system penetration tester, incident response team member, and information security architect, I've seen numerous types of attacks ranging from simple scanning by clueless kids to elite attacks sponsored by the criminal underground. This book boils down the common and most damaging elements from these real-world attacks, while offering specific advice on how you can proactively avoid such trouble from your adversaries. We'll zoom in on how computer attackers conduct their activities, looking at each step of their process so we can implement in-depth defenses.
The book is designed for system administrators, network administrators, and security professionals, as well as others who want to learn how computer attackers do their magic and how to stop them. The offensive and defensive techniques laid out in the book apply to all types of organizations using computers and networks today, including enterprises and service providers, ranging in size from small to gigantic.
Computer attackers are marvelous at sharing information with each other about how to attack your infrastructure. Their efficiency at information dissemination about victims can be ruthless. It is my hope that this book can help to even the score, by sharing practical advice about how to defend your computing environment from the bad guys. By applying the defenses from this book, you can greatly improve your computer security and, perhaps, we'll both be able to sleep in late next New Year's Day.
Interesting textbook: Dr Atkins 4 Book Package or Malt Whisky
Adobe Illustrator for Fashion Design
Author: Susan Lazear
More than just a how to manual, Adobe Illustrator for Fashion Design introduces readers to the Illustrator approach to design and ways to think about designing fashion apparel and textiles using the program.
Early chapters provide a strong foundation in the commands and capabilities of the program while later sections offer application exercises that develop skills in fashion drawing, textile design and presentation techniques. Available with an accompanying DVD, this book emphasizes the creative process and explores the capabilities of this powerful program as related to drawings of clothing, fashion poses, and textile prints.
Anyone looking to get into the fashion industry. Prepares readers for the competitive job market by teaching them sought after technical skills.
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